Letterpress
Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) who is credited with the invention of printing in the west, some time before 1440. Before he invented a way of printing, all books were hand written. Scribes and artists worked together to create one-off books, often copying from existing text. Gutenberg’s invention was the process of letterpress: the concept of casting individual letters that could be assembles into words, printed, then cleaned and put away, and used over again. He cut a steel punch for each character and punctuation mark, this punch was then stuck into a softer metal to form the matrix in with the type was cast. The most original part of Gutenberg’s process was the mold of adjustable width, used to hold the different sizes of matrix. His original idea was to imitate in type the handwritten books of the scribes. To imitate the handwriting he had to create a set of over 300 characters, including all the variations of letterforms and joined letters that a scribe might use.
Lithography
Invented by Alois Senefelder around 1796-9. Lithography - image is transferred from the stone or plate to a rubber roller, and then to the substrate. The process was first used around 1875 for printing ornamental decorations on tinplate, for applications in packaging. Type produced by letterpress could be transferred on to the stone using special transfer paper, but this was not a totally satisfactory process.
Xerography
Invented in 1938 by Chester Carlson. Xerography has leapt forward with laser and computer technology. It will become the dominant printing technology of the early 21st century and the internet will become as commonplace as the telephone and television, complementing print-based media with a degree of interactivity and immediacy undreamt of by Gutenberg.
Part 2
3. List 3 sources of technical help available on the internet for designers using Adobe software.
· http://www.adobe.com/support/products/acrreader.html
· http://help.adobe.com/en_US/Connect/6.0/AcrobatConnect/
· http://learn.adobe.com/wiki/display/LR/Home
4.
http://graphicssoft.about.com/od/illustrator/ss/sfshatteredtext.htm
Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) who is credited with the invention of printing in the west, some time before 1440. Before he invented a way of printing, all books were hand written. Scribes and artists worked together to create one-off books, often copying from existing text. Gutenberg’s invention was the process of letterpress: the concept of casting individual letters that could be assembles into words, printed, then cleaned and put away, and used over again. He cut a steel punch for each character and punctuation mark, this punch was then stuck into a softer metal to form the matrix in with the type was cast. The most original part of Gutenberg’s process was the mold of adjustable width, used to hold the different sizes of matrix. His original idea was to imitate in type the handwritten books of the scribes. To imitate the handwriting he had to create a set of over 300 characters, including all the variations of letterforms and joined letters that a scribe might use.
Lithography
Invented by Alois Senefelder around 1796-9. Lithography - image is transferred from the stone or plate to a rubber roller, and then to the substrate. The process was first used around 1875 for printing ornamental decorations on tinplate, for applications in packaging. Type produced by letterpress could be transferred on to the stone using special transfer paper, but this was not a totally satisfactory process.
Xerography
Invented in 1938 by Chester Carlson. Xerography has leapt forward with laser and computer technology. It will become the dominant printing technology of the early 21st century and the internet will become as commonplace as the telephone and television, complementing print-based media with a degree of interactivity and immediacy undreamt of by Gutenberg.
Part 2
3. List 3 sources of technical help available on the internet for designers using Adobe software.
· http://www.adobe.com/support/products/acrreader.html
· http://help.adobe.com/en_US/Connect/6.0/AcrobatConnect/
· http://learn.adobe.com/wiki/display/LR/Home
4.
http://graphicssoft.about.com/od/illustrator/ss/sfshatteredtext.htm
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